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Archduke Rainer Joseph of Austria

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Archduke Rainer as an Austrian general

Rainer Joseph Johann Michael Franz Hieronymus, Archduke of Austria, Prince Royal of Hungary and Bohemia (30 September 1783, Pisa – 16 January 1853, Bolzano) was a Viceroy of the Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia from 1818 to 1848. He should not to be confused with his son, Rainer Ferdinand.

Rainer was son of Emperor Leopold II and Empress Maria Louisa, and was thus a younger brother of Emperor Franz I. He married at Prague on 28 May 1820 Princess Elisabeth of Savoy-Carignano (Paris 13 April 1800 - Bozen 25 December 1856). She was the sister of the Prince of Carignan, who would in 1831 become King of Sardinia as King Charles Albert.

Although Rainer suffered from a mild form of epilepsy, this did not visibly interfere with his military career.[1]

Rainer served as Viceroy of the Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia from 1818 to 1848. The position made Rainer and his wife the head of the Austrian court at Milan; they also had a villa at Lake Como. The Italians resented him for collecting his revenues with so little benefit to them in return. This, and the lack of understanding between Rainer and Feldmarschall Graf Radetzky, were blamed for the disasters of the Italian Revolution of 1848.[2]

Children included:

Monarchical Styles of
Archduke Rainer of Austria
Reference style His Imperial and Royal Highness
Spoken style Your Imperial and Royal Highness
Alternative style Sir


The Revolution of 1848 forced Rainer and Elisabeth from the court at Milan; when the insurrection was quelled, Radetzky was named Rainer's successor as Viceroy. Although his children, except Adelheid, are buried in the Imperial Crypt in Vienna, he and his wife are buried elsewhere.

Through his daughter Adelheid, Rainer is an ancestor of the entire royal family of Italy which reigned from 1861 to 1946.

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ George R. Marek, The Eagles Die. Franz Joseph, Elisabeth, and Their Austria, pp. 41-42. New York: Harper & Row, 1974. This mild form of epilepsy was also suffered by Archduke Karl and his son, Archduke Albrecht, both of whom were able military commanders.
  2. ^ Joan Haslip, The Crown of Mexico, pp. 22, 89, 109. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1971.
  3. ^ Robert A. Kann, A History of the Habsburg Empire 1526-1918, pp. 328, 331. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1974.
  4. ^ Alan Palmer, Twilight of the Habsburgs. The Life and Times of Emperor Francis Joseph, pp. 122-123. New York: Grove Press, 1994.
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