Demographics of Turkmenistan
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The Demographics of Turkmenistan is about the demographic features of the population of Turkmenistan, including population growth, population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population. The ethnic majority in Turkmenistan call themselves Turkmen.
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[edit] Demographic trends
The population of Turkmenistan increased from 1.5 million in the 1959 census to 4.5 million in the 1995 census.[1] The population continued growing to over 5 million in 2001-2006.[2]
[edit] Ethnic groups
The table shows the ethnic composition of Turkmenistan's population (in percent) between 1959 and 1999.[1] There has been a sharp decline in the European ethnic groups (Russians and Ukrainians) and also Tatars and Kazakhs since independence (as captured in the 1979 and 1995 censuses). Uzbeks are now the second largest ethnic group in Uzbekistan, with Russians relegated to the third place. The CIA World Factbook gives the ethnic composition of Turkmenistan as 85% Turkmen, 5% Uzbek, 4% Russian, and 6% other (2003 estimates).[3] According to data announced in Ashgabat in February 2001, 91% of the population are Turkmen, 3% are Uzbeks, and 2% are Russians. Between 1989 and 2001 the number of Turkmen in Turkmenistan doubled (from 2.5 to 4.9 million), while the number of Russians dropped by two-thirds (from 334,000 to slightly over 100,000).[4]
| Nationality | 1959 (resident) | 1970 (resident) | 1979 (census) | 1989 (census) | 1995 (census) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total population (thou.) | 1,516.4 | 2,158.9 | 2,764.7 | 3,522.7 | 4,437.6 |
| Turkmen | 60.9 | 65.6 | 68.4 | 72.0 | 76.7 |
| Uzbeks | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.5 | 9.0 | 9.2 |
| Russians | 17.3 | 14.5 | 12.6 | 9.5 | 6.7 |
| Kazakhs | 4.6 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 2.0 |
| Tatars | 2.0 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 0.8 |
| Ukrainians | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 0.3 | 0.5 |
| Armenians | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.8 |
| Azerbaijan | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 |
| Balochi | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.8 |
| Others | 2.9 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 1.7 |
[edit] CIA World Factbook demographic statistics
- For more information, see this country's entry in the CIA World Factbook
The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.
[edit] Population
5,179,571 (July 2008 est.)
[edit] Age structure
0-14 years: 35.7% (male 909,113; female 860,128)
15-64 years: 60.2% (male 1,462,198; female 1,516,836)
65 years and over: 4.1% (male 78,119; female 125,687) (2005 est.)
[edit] Population growth rate
1.617% (2007 est.)
[edit] Birth rate
25.38 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
[edit] Death rate
6.17 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
[edit] Net migration rate
-3.01 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
[edit] Sex ratio
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.62 male(s)/female
total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
[edit] Infant mortality rate
53.49 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
[edit] Life expectancy at birth
total population: 61.39 years
male: 58.02 years
female: 64.93 years (2005 est.)
[edit] Total fertility rate
3.41 children born/woman (2005 est.)
[edit] Nationality
noun: Turkmen(s)
adjective: Turkmen
[edit] Religion
Muslim 89%, Eastern Orthodox 9%, unknown 2%
[edit] Language
Turkmen 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7%.
Nearly 22% of the non-Russian population indicated in the 1995 census that they spoke Russian fluently.[1] According to Ethnologue, up to 50% claim "good knowledge" of Russian.
Other languages include the Balochi language, which was spoken by 36,600 people in 1995.[1].
[edit] Literacy
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 98.8%
male: 99.3%
female: 98.3% (1999 est.)
[edit] References
- ^ a b c d Population census of Turkmenistan 1995, Vol. 1, State Statistical Committee of Turkmenistan, Ashgabat, 1996.
- ^ Population estimates for Turkmenistan 2001-2006, Demoscope Weekly, No. 355-356, 1-18 December 2008.
- ^ Turkmenistan CIA World Factbook. Retrieved on 2008-12-26.
- ^ Ethnic composition of Turkmenistan in 2001, Demoscope Weekly, No. 37-38, 8-21 October 2001.
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