Hampi
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Group of Monuments at Hampi* | |
|---|---|
| UNESCO World Heritage Site | |
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| State Party |  India |
| Type | Cultural |
| Criteria | (i)(iii)(iv) |
| Reference | 241 |
| Region** | Asia-Pacific |
| Inscription history | |
| Inscription | 1986 (10th, 15th Session) |
| * Name as inscribed on World Heritage List. ** Region as classified by UNESCO. |
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Hampi (Kannada: ಹಂಪೆ) is a village in northern Karnataka state, India. Hampi is located within the ruins of Vijayanagara, the former capital of the Vijayanagara empire. Predating the city of Vijayanagara, this village continues to be an important religious centre, housing the Virupaksha Temple. The village of Hampi contains several other monuments belonging to the old city. It extends into some of the old ceremonial streets of Vijayanagara. As the village is at the original centre of Vijayanagara, it is sometimes confused with this ruined city. The Vijayanagara ruins are listed as the Group of Monuments at Hampi as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.[1]
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[edit] Etymology
The name is derived from Pampa, which is the old name of the Tungabhadra River on whose banks the city is built. The name "Hampi" is an anglicized version of the Kannada Hampe (derived from Pampa). Over the years, it has also been referred to as Vijayanagara and Virupakshapura (from Virupaksha, the patron deity of the Vijayanagara rulers).
[edit] History
Hampi is identified with the historical Kishkindha, the Vanara (monkey) kingdom which finds mention in the Ramayana. The first historical settlements in Hampi date back to 1 CE.
Hampi formed one of the cores of the capital of the Vijayanagara empire from 1336 to 1565. It was destroyed by Muslim sultans. Hampi was chosen because of its strategic location, bounded by the torrential Tungabhadra river on one side and surrounded by defensible hills on the other three sides.
The site is of great importance in terms of architecture and historical significance. The demography is abundant with large stones which have been utilized to make larger than life statues of Hindu deities. One can see a structure of historic importance every quarter of a mile.
Recently the Archaeological Survey of India has been conducting continuous excavations in the area to discover more artifacts and temples.
[edit] Geography
Hampi is situated on the banks of the Tungabhadra river. It is 353 km from Bangalore, 254 km from Bijapur and 74 km away from Bellary. Hosapete, 13 km away, is the nearest taluka headquarters. The chief languages spoken are Kannada and Telugu. The principal industries of the village are agriculture, the support of the Virupaksha temple and some other local holy places in the vicinity, and tourism. The annual Vijayanagar Festival is organized by the Government of Karnataka in November. Due to the presence of several mineral deposits in this region (iron-ore, manganese), mining of these minerals has been going on for many years now. But a recent boom for the supply of iron-ore in the international market has led to excessive mining in this district. The World Heritage Site at Hampi as well as the Tungabhadra Dam are now under threat.
The city has been given limited connectivity to preserve the character with no scarcity in electricity, GSM network coverages and amenities. In October 2007, it became a popular tourist destination.
[edit] Important sites at and near Hampi
- Achyutaraya Temple/Tiruvengalanatha Temple
- Akka Tangi Gadda
- Anegondi
- Anjeyanadri Hill
- Aqueducts and Canals
- Archaeological Museum at Kamalapura
- Badava Linga
- Chandramauleshwar Temple
- The Kings’ balance
- The Underground Temple
- Tungabhadra River
- Uddana Veerabhadra temple
- Ugra Narasimha
- Virupaksha Temple
- Vittala temple
- Yeduru Basavanna
- Yentrodharaka Anjaneya temple
- Zenana enclosure
- Virupapurg
- Madhavan Palace with above 10,00,000 pillars
[edit] Temples
Hampi has various notable Hindu temples, some of which are still active places of worship. Most notable ones are:
- Virupaksha Temple complex: Also known as the Pampapathi temple, it is a Shiva temple situated in the Hampi Bazaar. It predates the founding of the Vijayanagar empire. The temple has a 160-foot (49 m) high tower at its entrance. Apart from Shiva, the temple complex also contains shrines of the Hindu goddesses Bhuvaneshwari and Pampa.
[edit] The Present
Global Heritage Fund, in a unique public-private partnership with the Hampi Foundation, Cornell University, and the State of Karnataka, has been actively involved in the conservation of Hampi's unique cultural heritage. Apart from producing a master conservation plan for the site of Chandramauleshwar Temple, the GHF-led effort is now focusing on "the stabilization of the temple and its associated structural features."[2] There is now an installation at the Immigration Museum in Melbourne, Australia about the architecture and archeology of Hampi (until January 2010)[3]
[edit] See also
[edit] Notes
- ^ "Group of Monuments at Hampi". World Heritage. http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/241. Retrieved on 2006-12-20.
- ^ Global Heritage Fund - Where We Work - Hampi, India Accessed on 2009-04-24.
- ^ [1] Accessed ib 2009-06-14.
[edit] References
- T.S. Satyan, Hampi: The fabled capital of the Vijayanagara Empire, (Directorate of Archaeology and Museums), Govt. of Karnataka, 1995
- J.M. Fritz et al., New Light on Hampi: Recent Research at Vijayanagara, (Performing Arts Mumbai, 2001) ISBN 81-85026-53-X
- A.N. Longhurst, Hampi Ruins Described and Illustrated, (Laurier Books Ltd., 1998) ISBN 81-206-0159-9
- The Ruins of Hampi:Travel Guide ISBN 81-7525-766-0
[edit] Articles and Travelers experiences
[edit] External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Hampi |
- Hampi on UNESCO World Heritage Site
- Global Heritage Fund (GHF) Conserving Hampi's cultural heritage through scientific excellence and community involvement.
- Hampi Maps, Pics, Discussion + more on Global Heritage Network
- Karnataka.com - Hampi
- Hampi travel guide on Wikitravel
- A Guide to History and Tourism at Hampi
- Practical info on traveling to Hampi
- Pictures from Hampe and Anegundi
- 3D virtual views for Hampi siate from UNESCO
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Coordinates: 15°20′09″N 76°27′39″E / 15.33583°N 76.46083°E
