From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) should be applied to represent Spanish language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.
See Spanish phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Spanish.
| IPA |
Examples |
English equivalent |
| Consonants |
| b |
bestia; vaca; envidia |
best |
| β |
bebé; vivir [1] |
Between baby and bevy |
| d |
dedo; cuando; aldaba |
dead |
| ð |
arder; ciudad [1] |
this |
| f |
fase; café |
face |
| ɡ |
gato; lengua; guerra |
got |
| ɣ |
trigo; Argos[1] |
between a light go and ahold |
| ʝ |
poyo [1]; yapa; cónyuge |
between beige and d'you |
| k |
caña; laca; quisimos |
scan |
| l |
lino; calor; principal |
lean |
| ʎ |
llave; pollo [2] |
million (like /ʝ/ in many dialects) |
| m |
madre; comer; anfibio |
mother |
| n |
nido; anillo; sin |
need |
| ŋ |
cinco; venga; Don Juan |
sink |
| ɲ |
ñoquis; cabaña |
canyon |
| θ |
cereza; zorro; lacero; paz [3] |
thing (like /s/ in many dialects) |
| p |
pozo; topo |
spouse |
| r |
raro; perro; enrachado; alrededor; amor eterno |
trilled 'r' |
| ɾ |
pero; bravo; amor eterno |
like ladder in American English |
| s |
saco; casa; puertas |
sack |
| t |
tamiz; átomo |
stand |
| tʃ |
chubasco; acechar |
choo |
| x |
jamón; general; suje, reloj[4] |
Bach (like ham in many dialects) |
| z |
rasgo, mismo |
schism |
|
| IPA |
Examples |
English equivalent |
| Monophthongs |
| a |
tanque |
tank |
| e |
peso |
pay (without the y sound) |
| i |
cinco; y |
see |
| o |
bosque |
bore |
| u |
duplicar |
duplicate |
| Diphthongs |
| ai |
hay; aire |
eye |
| au |
pausa |
house |
| ei |
rey; peine |
ray |
| eu |
neutro |
"ew"[5] |
| ja |
hacia |
yeah |
| je |
tierra |
yellow |
| jo |
radio |
yo |
| ju |
viuda |
beauty |
| oi |
hoy; boicot |
boycot |
| ou |
bou |
beau |
| wa |
cuadro |
quad |
| we |
fuego |
way |
| wi |
fuimos |
we |
| wo |
cuota |
quota |
| Other symbols used in transcription of Spanish pronunciation |
| IPA |
Explanation |
| ˈ |
Primary stress (placed before the stressed syllable),
for example viuda [ˈbjuða] |
|
- ^ a b c d /b/, /d/, /ʝ/ and /ɡ/ are approximants ([β̞], [ð̞], [ʝ˕] [ɣ˕]; represented here without the undertacks) in all places except after a pause, after an /n/ or /m/, or—in the case of /d/ and /ʝ/—after an /l/, in which contexts they are stops [b, d, ɟʝ, ɡ], not dissimilar from English b, d, j, g.(Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté 2003:257-8).
- ^ In metropolitan areas of the Iberian Peninsula and some South American countries, /ʎ/ has merged into /ʝ/; the actual realization depends on dialect; see yeísmo and Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:258) for more information.
- ^ In Andalusia, Canary Islands, and Latin America /θ/ has merged into /s/; see ceceo and Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:258) for more information.
- ^ For many speakers, the j is silent at the end of a word, in which case reloj is pronounced [reˈlo].
- ^ In English, something similar to /eu/ is sometimes heard for "oh" in exaggerations of the Queen's English by American comedians such as Carol Burnett.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Ana Ma. Fernández-Planas & Josefina Carrera-Sabaté (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (2): 255-259
