Lop Nur
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Lop Nur (Uyghur: لوپنۇر; Chinese: 罗布泊; Pinyin: Luóbù Pō; also Lake Lop, Lop Nuur) is a group of small, now seasonal salt lake sand marshes between the Taklamakan and Kuruktag deserts in the southeastern portion of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in the People's Republic of China.
The lake system into which the Tarim River empties is the last remnant of the historical post-glacial Tarim Lake, which once covered more than 10,000 km2 (3,900 sq mi) in the Tarim Basin. Lop Nur is hydrologically endorheic—it is landbound and there is no outlet. Though it was determined to be a single salt lake by ancient Chinese geographers, the lake system has largely dried up from its 1928 measured area of 3,100 km2 (1,200 sq mi) and the desert has spread by windblown sandy loess. This has shifted the lake system 30 to 40 kilometres (19 to 25 mi) westwards during the past 40 years.[1] A partial cause for the destabilization of the desert has been the cutting of poplars and willows for firewood; in response, a reserve was established in 2003 to preserve 3,520 km2 (1,360 sq mi) of poplar.[2]
Contents |
[edit] History
Former water resources of the Tarim River and Lop Nur nurtured the kingdom of Loulan, an ancient Chinese civilization along the Silk Road, which skirted the lake-filled basin. Loulan became a client-state of the Chinese empire in 55 BCE, renamed Shanshan. Once the lake also supported a thriving Tocharian culture. Archaeologists have discovered the buried remains of settlements, as well as several of the Tarim mummies, along its ancient shoreline. Marco Polo passed near the lake, and the famous explorers Ferdinand von Richthofen, Nikolai Przhevalsky, Sven Hedin and Aurel Stein visited and studied the area.[3] It is also likely that Swedish soldier Johan Gustaf Renat had visited the area when he was helping the Zunghars to produce maps over the area in the eighteenth century.[4]
The first Chinese nuclear bomb test, codenamed "596", was tested at Lop Nur in 1964. The PRC detonated its first hydrogen bomb on June 17, 1967. Since 1964, the lake has been used as a nuclear test site. Until 1996, 45 nuclear tests were conducted.[5] The headquarters of the test base is at Malan, about 125 km (78 mi) northwest of Qinggir.[6]
On June 17, 1980, famous Chinese archeologist Peng Jiamu disappeared while walking into Lop Nur in search of water. His body was never found and it continues to be one of the most mysterious event in China's archeology history. Coincidentally, on June 13, 1996, famous Chinese explorer Yu Chunshun died while trying to walk across Lop Nur.[7] Coordinates: 40°05′N 90°05′E / 40.083°N 90.083°E
[edit] Water System
The rivers that feed the Lop Nur marshes are the Tarim River, Qiemo River and Kaidu River.
[edit] Xiaohe Burial Site
This bronze-age burial site is an oblong sand dune, from which more than 30 well-preserved mummies, buried in air-tight ox-hide bags, have been excavated. The entire Xiaohe Tomb complex contains about 330 tombs, about 160 of which have been desecrated by grave robbers.[8] A local hunter guided Swedish explorer and archeologist Folke Bergman to the site in 1934. An excavation project began in October 2003 by the Xinjiang Cultural Relics and Archaeology Institute. A total of 167 tombs have been dug up since the end of 2002 and excavations have revealed hundreds of smaller tombs built in layers, as well as other precious artifacts. In 2006, a valuable archeological finding was uncovered: a boat-shaped coffin wrapped with ox hide, containing the mummified face of a smiling young woman.[9]
[edit] See also
[edit] Footnotes
- ^ "Desert Intrudes upon Tarim Lake". china.org.cn. http://www.china.org.cn/english/environment/114336.htm. Retrieved on 2007-08-03.
- ^ "Tarim River Ecological Protection Suggested". china.org.cn. http://www.china.org.cn/english/2005/Mar/121947.htm. Retrieved on 2007-08-03.
- ^ "The Wandering Lake". nasa.gov. http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=6762. Retrieved on 2007-08-03.
- ^ August Strindberg, "En svensk karta över Lop-nor och Tarimbäckenet" (in Swedish)
- ^ "Chinese Nuclear Tests Allegedly Cause 750,000 Deaths" Epoch Times. March 30, 2009. [1]
- ^ "Lop Nor Nuclear Weapons Test Base". nti. http://www.nti.org/db/china/lopnur.htm. Retrieved on 2007-08-03.
- ^ "Found Dead - Yu Chunshun, 48, Intrepid Chinese explorer". asiaweek.com. http://www.asiaweek.com/asiaweek/96/0705/feat12.html. Retrieved on 2007-09-18.
- ^ "Burial Site from the Bronze Age, Lop Nur, Xinjiang.". www.china.org.cn. http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/Archaeology/149496.htm#2. Retrieved on 2007-09-18.
- ^ "Silk Road Documentary Unearths Latest Findings". china.org.cn. http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/Archaeology/162045.htm. Retrieved on 2007-09-18.
[edit] External links
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Lop Nur |
