Ningxia
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| Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region | |||||||||
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| Abbreviations: 宁 (pinyin: Níng) | |||||||||
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| Origin of name | 宁 níng—tranquil 夏 xià—Western Xia "Tranquil Xia" |
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| Administration type | Autonomous region | ||||||||
| Capital (and largest city) |
Yinchuan | ||||||||
| Official languages | Mandarin |
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| Designated Minority | Hui | ||||||||
| CPC Ctte Secretary | Chen Jianguo | ||||||||
| Chairman | Wang Zhengwei | ||||||||
| Area | 66,000 km2 (25,000 sq mi) (27th) | ||||||||
| Population (2004) - Density |
5,880,000 (29th) 89.1 /km² (231 /sq mi) (25th) |
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| GDP (2008) - per capita |
CNY 109.85 billion (29th) CNY 17,892 (20th) |
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| HDI (2006) | 0.737 (medium) (25th) | ||||||||
| Nationalities percentage | Han: 62% Hui: 34% Manchu: 0.4% |
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| Prefecture-level | 5 divisions | ||||||||
| County-level | 21 divisions | ||||||||
| Township-level* | 219 divisions | ||||||||
| ISO 3166-2 | CN-64 | ||||||||
| Official website http://www.nx.gov.cn/ |
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| Source for population and GDP data:
《中国统计年鉴—2005》 China Statistical Yearbook 2005
Source for nationalities data:
ISBN 7503747382 《2000年人口普查中国民族人口资料》 Tabulation on nationalities of 2000 population census of China
* As at December 31, 2004ISBN 7105054255 |
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| Template ■ Discussion ■ WikiProject China | |||||||||
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This article contains Chinese text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters. |
Ningxia (simplified Chinese: 宁夏; traditional Chinese: 寧夏; pinyin: Níngxià; Wade-Giles: Ning-hsia; Postal map spelling: Ningsia), full name Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (simplified Chinese: 宁夏回族自治区; traditional Chinese: 寧夏回族自治區; pinyin: Níngxià Huízú Zìzhìqū), is a Hui autonomous region of the People's Republic of China, located on the northwest Loess highland, the Yellow River flows through a vast area of its land. The capital of the region is Yinchuan.
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[edit] History
Ningxia and its surrounding areas were incorporated into the Qin Dynasty as early as the third century BCE. Throughout the Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty there were several large cities established in the region, and by the eleventh century the Tangut tribe had established the Western Xia Dynasty on the outskirts of the then Song Dynasty.
It then came under Mongol domination after Genghis Khan conquered Yinchuan in the early thirteenth century. After the Mongols departed and its influences faded, some Turkic-speaking Muslims also began moving into Ningxia from the west. In the Muslim Rebellion of the 19th century, twelve million non-Muslims were killed by the Hui Muslims for the purpose of developing a Muslim country on the western bank of the Yellow River (Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia (excluding the Xinjiang province)), around five million Hui Muslims in Western China were killed by the Qing authorities. [1]
In 1914, Ningxia was merged with the province of Gansu; in 1928, however, it was detached and became a province. Between 1914 and 1928, the Xibei San Ma brothers (literally "three Mas of the northwest") ruled the provinces of Qinghai, Ningxia and Gansu. In 1958, Ningxia formally became an autonomous region of China. In 1969, Ningxia's border was extended to the north and acquired parts of the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, but was reverted again in 1979.
[edit] Geography
Ningxia borders the provinces of Shaanxi and Gansu, and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
Rivers that flow through Ningxia include the Yellow River.
Ningxia is a relatively dry, desert-like region. There is significant irrigation in order to support the growing of wolfberries (a commonly consumed fruit throughout the region).
Ningxia's deserts include the Tengger desert in Shapotou.
On 16 December 1920, the Haiyuan earthquake, 8.6 magnitude, at 36°36′N 105°19′E / 36.6°N 105.32°E, initiated a series of landslides that killed an estimated 200,000 people. Over 600 large loess landslides created more than 40 new lakes.[2][3]
In 2006, satellite images indicated that a 700 by 200-meter fenced area within Ningxia—5 km southwest of Yinchuan, near the remote village of Huangyangtan—is a near-exact 1:500 scale terrain model reproduction of a 450 by 350-kilometer area of Aksai Chin bordering India, complete with mountains, valleys, lakes and hills. Its purpose is as yet unknown.[4][5]
| History of Islam in China |
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History |
| Major figures |
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Lan Yu • Yeheidie'erding |
| Culture |
| Architecture |
| Islamic Cities/Regions |
| Ethnic Groups |
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Hui • Uygur • Kazakhs |
| Impact |
[edit] Climate
The region is 1,200 km from the sea and has a continental climate with average summer temperatures rising to between 17 and 24°C in July and average winter temperatures dropping to between -7 and -10°C in January. Seasonal extreme temperatures can reach 39°C in summer and -30°C in winter. The diurnal temperature variation in summer is 17°C. Annual rainfall averages from 190 to 700 millimeters, with more rain falling in the south of the region.
[edit] Administrative divisions
Ningxia is divided into five prefecture-level cities:
| Map | # | Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| 1 | Yinchuan | 银川市 | Yínchuān Shì | Prefecture-level city | |
| 2 | Shizuishan | 石嘴山市 | Shízuǐshān Shì | Prefecture-level city | |
| 3 | Wuzhong | 吴忠市 | Wúzhōng Shì | Prefecture-level city | |
| 4 | Zhongwei | 中卫市 | Zhōngwèi Shì | Prefecture-level city | |
| 5 | Guyuan | 固原市 | Gùyuán Shì | Prefecture-level city |
[edit] Demographics
Ningxia is the home of the Hui, one of the officially recognized Nationalities of China.
[edit] Politics
The politics of Ningxia is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China.
The Chairman of the Autonomous Region is the highest ranking official in the People's Government of Ningxia. However, in the Autonomous Region's dual party-government governing system, the Chairman has less power than the Communist Party of China Ningxia Committee Secretary, colloquially termed the "Ningxia CPC Party Chief".
[edit] Economy
Ningxia is the province with the third smallest GDP (Tibet being the last) in the PRC. Its nominal GDP in 2008 was just 109.85 billion yuan (US$15.8 billion) and a per capita GDP of 17,892 yuan (US$2,576). It contributes 0.3% of the national economy.
Ningxia is the principal region of China where wolfberries are grown.
[edit] Economic and Technological Development Zones
- Yinchuan Economic and Technological Development Zone
[edit] Universities
See List of universities and colleges in Ningxia
[edit] Famous People or Celebrities
Yang tingzhong:Scholar, Behavioural Scientist.
Ma Hongkui:general,warlord of early 20th century,leader of muslim rebellion
Zhang Xianliang:Film director,scripture writer
Yang Zi:Poet
Li Yuanhao:Emperor of Xixia,politician.
[edit] Tourism
One of Ningxia's main tourist spots is the famous Xixia Tombs site located 30 km west of Yinchuan. The remnants of nine Western Xia emperors' tombs and two hundred other tombs lie within a 50-km² area. Other famous sites in Ningxia include Helan Shan, the mysterious 108 dagobas, the twin pagodas of Baisikou and the desert research outpost at Shapatou.
[edit] Gallery
 Western Xia Tombs |
 From a cable car running to the top of Helan Shan |
 Aerial view of Yinchuan |
 People's Square in Yinchuan |
 Fountain in Yinchuan |
 The 108 dagobas near Qingtongxia |
 Wolfberry harvest celebration |
[edit] Notes
- ^ http://www.berzinarchives.com/web/en/archives/study/islam/historical_interaction/overviews/history_hui_muslims_china.html?query=Historical+Sketch+of+the+Hui+Muslims+of+China
- ^ Close, U., and McCormick (1922) "Where the mountains walked" National Geographic Magazine 41(5): pp.445–464.
- ^ Feng, X. and Guo, A. (1985) "Earthquake landslides in China" In Proceedings, IVth International Conference and Field Workshop on Landslides pp. 339–346, Japan Landslide Society, Tokyo, OCLC 70324350.
- ^ Haines, Lester (19 July 2006)."Chinese black helicopters circle Google Earth". The Register
- ^ Cassidy, Katherine (13 September 2006). "Armchair Sleuths Uncover Strange Military Sites in China". McClatchy Newspapers / Real Cities Network.
[edit] References
[edit] External links
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Textbooks from Wikibooks
Quotations from Wikiquote
Source texts from Wikisource
Images and media from Commons
News stories from Wikinews
Learning resources from Wikiversity
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