Outer Mongolia
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Outer Mongolia (Mongolian: Ar Mongol, Manchu: Tülergi Monggo, Chinese: 外蒙古; pinyin: Wài Měnggǔ) was the main part of the Boghda Khaanate of Mongolia, which proclaimed its independence on 29 December 1911. It consisted of the following four (aimags), ordering from east to west:
- Chechen Khan Province (Chechen Khan Ayimagh, Setsen Khan Aimag)
- Töshiyetü Khan Province (Töshiyetü Khan Ayimagh, Tüsheet Khan Aimag)
- Sayin Noyan Khan Province (Sayin Noyan Khan Ayimagh, Sain Noyon Khan Aimag)
- Jasaghtu Khan Province (Jasaghtu Khan Ayimagh, Zasagt Khan Aimag)
Today the name is sometimes still informally used to refer to Mongolia (a sovereign state), which controls roughly the same territory. The historical definition also included Tannu Uriankhai, the majority of which is the modern-day Tuva Republic, part of the Russian Federation, but not the area of the Mongolian Khovd and Bayan-Ölgii provinces.[citation needed]
The name "Outer Mongolia" is opposed to Inner Mongolia (内蒙古; Nèi Měnggǔ), today an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. The term comes from the Manchu name for the region "Tülergi Monggo", meaning "Outer Mongolia" or "External Mongolia". In modern Mongolian usage, the term "Ар Монгол" (Ar Mongol) signifying "Northern Mongolia" or "Rear Mongolia" is used. The continued use of the term in the Chinese language is sometimes alleged to reflect a Sinocentric perspective that takes the northern part of Mongolia as "outer," while the southern portion, closer to the center of Chinese civilization, is regarded as "inner."
