Portal:Category theory
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In mathematics, category theory deals in an abstract way with mathematical structures and relationships between them. Categories now appear in most branches of mathematics and in some areas of theoretical computer science and mathematical physics, and have been a unifying notion. Categories were first introduced by Samuel Eilenberg and Saunders Mac Lane in 1942-1945, in connection with algebraic topology.
The term "abstract nonsense" has been used by some critics to refer to its high level of abstraction, compared to more classical branches of mathematics. Homological algebra is category theory in its aspect of organising and suggesting calculations in abstract algebra. Diagram chasing is a visual method of arguing with abstract 'arrows'. Topos theory is a form of abstract sheaf theory, with geometric origins, and leads to ideas such as pointless topology.
In category theory, a topos (plural "topoi" or "toposes") is a type of category that behaves like the category of sheaves of sets on a topological space, or more generally, like the category of sheaves on some site. The origin of Topos theory is, for the most part, found in algebraic topology. The theory has since known a considerable development and has applications in various fields, it also became a fundamental component of categorical logic.
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Saunders Mac Lane (4 August 1909, Taftville, Connecticut – 14 April 2005, San Francisco) was an American mathematician who cofounded category theory with Samuel Eilenberg. Their original motivation was homology theory and led to the formalization of what is now called homological algebra. His most recognized work in category theory is the textbook Categories for the Working Mathematician (1971).
In homological algebra, the snake lemma, a statement valid in every abelian category, is the crucial tool used to construct the long exact sequences.
- ... that in higher category theory, there are two major notions of higher categories, the strict one and the weak one ?
- ... that factorization systems generalize the fact that every function is the composite of a surjection followed by an injection ?
- ... that in a multicategory, morphisms are allowed to have a multiple arity, and that multicategories with one object are operads ?
- ... that it is possible to define the end and the coend of certain functors ?
- ... that in the category of rings, the coproduct of two rings is their tensor product ?
- ... that the Yoneda lemma proves that any small category can be embedded in a presheaf category ?
- ... that it is possible to compose profunctors so that they form a bicategory?
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