Seven Grievances

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Please expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in the Chinese Wikipedia. (June 2009) After translating, {{Translated|zh|七大恨}} must be added to the talk page to ensure copyright compliance. Translation instructions · Translate via Google · Involve your language class

The Seven Grievances (Manchu: nadan koro; Chinese: 七大恨; pinyin: Qī Dà Hèn) was a manifesto announced by Nurhaci on April 13, 1618. It effectively declaring war against the Ming Dynasty, and starting the Manchu conquest of China.

The seven grievances are:^[1]

1. The Ming killed Nurhaci's father and grandfather without reason;

2. The Ming suppressed Jianzhou and favored Yehe and Hada clans;

3. The Ming violated agreement of territories with Nurhaci;

4. The Ming sent troops to protect Yehe against Jianzhou;

5. The Ming supported Yehe to break its promise to Nurhaci;

6. The Ming forced Nurhaci to give up the lands in Chaihe, Sancha and Fuan;

7. The Ming's official Shang Bozhi abused his power and rode roughshod over the people.

After the announcement of the Seven Grievances, Manchu troops forced their way into Fushun and obtained the surrender of the city's commander Li Yongfang (d. 1634). In retaliation, a year later, a Ming punitive force of about 100,000 men, which included Korean and Yehe troops, approached Nurhaci's Manchus along four different routes. After scoring successive victories, the most famous one near the town of Sarhu, the Manchus went on to seize the rest of China, effectively toppling the Ming dynasty.

[edit] Notes