Robert Southwell (diplomat)
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Sir Robert Southwell (31 December 1635-1702) was an English diplomat. He was Secretary of State for Ireland and President of the Royal Society from 1690.
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[edit] Background and education
Robert Southwell was born near Kinsale in co. Cork on 31 December 1635 to Robert Southwell (1608-1677) and his wife Helena, daughter of Major Robert Gore, of Shereton, Wiltshire. The family had settled in Ireland a couple of generations earlier, and his father had become a customs official at Kinsale in 1631. Like other Munster planters, he was threatended by the Irish Rising of 1641. During the Civil War, he followed the Royalist cause, placing him in a weak position. This may be why his son was sent to Christchurch, Hampshire in 1650, before graduating to Queen's College, Oxford, from which he graduated BA in 1655. Between 1659 and 1661, he travelled in Europe meeting some of the leading intellectuals of his time. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1662.
[edit] Public office
On his return to Ireland, his father wanted him to find employment that would keep him in Ireland. He obtained the post of secretary to the Commission of Prizes in 1664. Soon after he married Elizabeth Dering (1649–1682), daughter of Sir Edward Dering, 2nd baronet. Her marriage portion of £1500 enabled him to buy one fo the four clerkships of the Privy Council.
His lingistic abilities suited him for diplomatic service. He was appointed in November 1665 as an emissary to Portgual, being knighted before he left. There he assisted in securing the peace between Spain and Portugal, which was achieved in February 1668. He returned to England, but was sent back to Portugal, staying for over another year.
In October 1671 he was dispatched to Brussels as ambassador. On his return, he was elected to the English Parliament for Penryn in 1673. He also took up again the post of secretary to the Commission of Prizes, which he had resigned in 1667 and became his father's deputy as Vice-admiral of Munster. He also became a Commissioner of Excise in 1671.
Southwell was embarrassed by the Popish Plot, and sold his clerkship of the Privy Council in 1679. However, he remained in favour, being appointed in spring 1680 as an envoy to the Elector of Brandenburg, with the object of constructing an alliance against France. This took him to the courts of the Prince of Orange and the Duke of Brunswick–Lüneburg, but the project was no longer what Charles II wanted.
In 1685, he was elected to Parliament again, this time for Lostwithiel. However, he was out of office in this period, having lost his Excise place in 1681.
[edit] After the Glorious Revolution
After the accession of William and Mary II of England, Southwell accompanied William to Ireland, as his principal secretary, after the deposed James II had landed at Kinsale in his attempt to recover his kingdom. He was in Ireland from June to Octonber 1690. In December he was elected as President of the Royal Society, a post to which he was re-lelected annually until 1695. He also held office as a Customs Commission]]er from 1689 until 1697. He died at King's Weston on 11 September 1702 and was buried near by in Henbury church in Gloucestershire. without severing himself from his Irish roots, he had moved to being an English gentleman with Irish estates.
[edit] References
- Toby Barnard, ‘Southwell, Sir Robert (1635–1702)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [1], accessed 10 April 2009.
[edit] External links
- Portraits of Robert Southwell at the National Portrait Gallery, London
- Works by or about Robert Southwell (diplomat) in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- Archival material relating to Robert Southwell (diplomat) listed at the UK National Register of Archives
| Parliament of England | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by William Pendarves John Birch |
MP for Penryn 1673-1679 With: John Birch 1673-1679 Francis Trefusis 1679 |
Succeeded by Sir Nicholas Slanning Charles Smythe |
| Preceded by Sir John Carew Walter Kendall |
MP for Lostwithiel 1685-1689 With: Sir Matthias Vincent |
Succeeded by Francis Robartes Walter Kendall |
| Diplomatic posts | ||
| Preceded by Unknown |
British Envoy to Portugal 1665-1669 |
Succeeded by Unknown |
| Preceded by Unknown |
British Ambassador at Brussells 1670 |
Succeeded by Unknown |
| Preceded by Unknown |
Britsh Envoy to Brandenburg 1680-1681 |
Succeeded by Unknown |
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