Sri Lankan Australian
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Total population |
|---|
| Sri Lankan 53,461 (2001)[1] 62,256 (2006)[2] |
| Regions with significant populations |
| Melbourne, Sydney, Brisbane, Perth, Adelaide |
| Languages |
| Religion |
Sri Lankan Australian refers to people of Sri Lankan heritage living in Australia. This includes at least three Sri Lankan ethnic groups in Australia the Sinhalese, Tamils and Burghers. According to Australian Bureau of Statistics data, there is no self-identifying "Sri Lankan Australian" group. Persons linked to Sri Lanka self-identify as mainly "Sinhalese Australian", "Tamil Australian" or "Burgher". Most Sri Lankan Australians (indeed, most Sri Lankans in general, see Demographics of Sri Lanka) are Sinhalese.
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[edit] Immigration History
Recorded Sri Lankan immigration to Australia started in 1816, with the transportation of Drum Major William O'Dean (a Malay) and his wife Eve (a Sinhalese). Early immigrants from Ceylon were generally (unlike the O'Deans) absorbed into the Aborigine population. Under the 'White Australia' policy, immigration was negligible. It resumed after the Second World War primarily involving migration of Burghers, who fulfilled the then criteria of that they should be of predominantly European Ancestry and that their appearance should be European. Sri Lankan students undertook courses in Australia as part of the Colombo Plan prior to the formal dismantling of the White Australia Policy, and after 1973, Sinhalese, Tamil and Moor migration resumed.
The number of Sri Lankan Australians, including the second-generation, counted in 1996 was 64,068. However, the actual figure is likely to be far higher, (perhaps twice as much) since Burgher Australians generally return themselves as of Dutch ancestry and, as such, cannot be separated out from statistical totals for Dutch Australians. The same applies to Sri Lankan people of other European, Eurasian and Malay origin. A calculation of the make-up of the Sri Lankan Australian population in 1991 estimated that Burghers were 47.9%, Sinhalese 26.2%, Tamils 18.7% and Moors 7.2%.[citation needed]
The census recorded 53,610 Sri Lanka-born in Australia, of which 36,410 gave their ethnicity as Sinhalese, 4,150 as Tamil, and 1,690 as Dutch (i.e., Burgher).[citation needed]
[edit] Demographics
Sri Lanka Austrailans are the 16th largest ethnic group in Australia, numbering 62,256. The city of Melbourne contains the plurality of Sri Lankan Australians - just under half. Fewer than 20% are estimated to live outside New South Wales and Victoria.
The rate of assimilation among Sri Lankan Australians is fairly high: among second-generation immigrants, the 'in-marriage' rate was extremely low - 5.6% for brides and 3.0% for grooms.
Sinhalese Australian (Sri Lankans who speak Sinhalese at home) number approximately 29,055 or 0.1% of the population of Australia in the 2006 Census, that is a 8,395 or 40.6% change since 2001. There are 73,849 or 0.4% of the population of Australia have Sinhalese ansestry in 2006, while this was 26% less in 2001 at 58,602.
According to census data released by the Australian Bureau of Statistics in 2004, Sinhalese Australians are, by religion, 29.7 % Catholic, 8.0 % Anglican, 9.9 Other Christian, 46.9 % Other Religions (mainly Buddhist), and 5.5 % No Religion. The Sinhalese Language is also the 29th fastest growing language in Australia, in front of Somali and behind Hindi and Belorussian.
Sinhalese Australians have an exceptionally low rate of return migration to Sri Lanka. In December 2001, the Department of Foreign Affairs estimated that there were 800 Australian citizens resident in Sri Lanka. It is unclear whether these were returning Sri Lankan emigrants with Australian citizenship, their Sri Lankan Australian children, or other Australians present on business or for some other reason.
Baddaginnie, Victoria is named for the Sinhala word for 'hungry'.
Tamil Australian number 30,000 in the 2006 Census.[4] (This number also includes Tamils born in India and elsewhere). According to 1994 data, Tamil Australians are, by religion, 10.9 % Catholic, 4.1 % Anglican, 9.6 Other Christian, 73.1 % Other Religions (mainly Hindu), and 2.3 % No Religion.
[edit] List of notable Sri Lankan Australians
[edit] Academics
- Siri Gamage - academic, educator, writer and commentator
- Laksiri Jayasuriya - Emeritus Professor, UWA
- Mahinda Pathegama - award-winning Scientist
- Christie Jayaratnam Eliezer - academic
- Sisira Jayasuriya - professor of Economics at La Trobe University
[edit] Authors
- Michelle de Kretser - author
- Yasmine Gooneratne - author
- Dipti Saravanamuttu - poet and academic
[edit] Musicians
- Keith Potger - musician, founder member of 'The Seekers'
- Robin Foenander- musician and broadcaster
- Cliff Foenander- leading musician with The Fabulous Echoes
- Kamahl - singer and actor (born Malaysia)
- Candy Devine - musician and actress
- Desmond Kelly - musician and actor
- Keith Potger - founder of the The Seekers
[edit] Politics
- David de Kretser - Governor of Victoria
- Hon Siva Pasupathy - Former Attorney General of Sri Lanka
- Naren Chitty - Foundation Chair in International Communication at Macquarie University and former Sri Lankan diplomat
- Palitha Kohona - Permanent Secretary to the Sri Lankan Ministry of Foreign Affairs
- Anton Muttukumaru - ex Army Commander of Ceylon and high Commissioner to Australia, New Zealand, Pakistan and Ambassador to Egypt.
[edit] Religion
- Dr. Ameer Ali - ex-President of the Australian Federation of Islamic Councils
- Roger Herft - Archbishop of Perth
- Danny Nalliah - Christian evangelist pastor
[edit] Sports People
- Roshan Mahanama - cricketer
- Saliya Ahangama - cricketer and coach
- Dav Whatmore - coach of the Sri Lanka and Bangladesh cricket teams
- Michael Bevan - cricketer
- Ravi Ratnayeke - cricketer
- Michael Bevan - cricketer
[edit] TV
- Jamie Durie - Seven Network media personality
- Geoff Jansz - Nine Network TV chef
- Pria Viswalingam - SBS Journalist
[edit] Others
- Ernest MacIntyre - playwright
- Brian Seneviratne - rights activst
- Myuran Sukumaran - convicted ring leader of the Bali Nine
[edit] References
- ^ http://www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/research/_pdf/poa-2008.pdf
- ^ http://www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/research/_pdf/poa-2008.pdf
- ^ http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/sri_lanka/sri_lanka_country_brief.html
- ^ "Murukan worship in Australia" (html). Arumugam Kandiah. http://murugan.org/research/kandiah.htm. Retrieved on 2008-05-28.
[edit] Further reading
Information about Sri Lankans in Australia can be obtained from following publications;
Gamage,S.'Curtains of culture,ethnicity, and class: changing composition of the Sri Lankan community in Australia, Journal of intercultural studies, vol 19(1),1998,pp.37-56.
Gamage, S.2001. Sinhalese in Australia, in The Australian people - An Encyclopedia of the nation, its people and their origins(ed) James Jupp, 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press,Cambridge, pp,684-685.
Gamage, S.2002. Adaptation Experiences of Sri Lankan Immigrants and their Children in Australia in the Context of Multiculturalism and Anglo-Conformity, in Annette Richardson and Michael Wyness(eds) Exploring Cultural Perspectives: Integration and Globalization, International Cultural Research Network(ICRN) Press, Edmonton, pp.3-29.
[edit] External links
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