Template:Solar System Infobox/Sun
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 |
|
| Observation data | |
|---|---|
| Mean distance from Earth |
1.496×1011 m 8.315 min at light speed |
| Visual brightness (V) | −26.74m [1] |
| Absolute magnitude | 4.83m[1][contradiction] |
| Spectral classification | G2V |
| Metallicity | Z = 0.0177 [2] |
| Angular size | 31.6′ – 32.7′ [3] |
| Adjectives | solar |
| Orbital characteristics | |
| Mean distance from Milky Way core |
~2.5×1020 m 26,000 light-years |
| Galactic period | (2.25–2.50) × 108 a |
| Velocity | ~2.20×105 m/s (orbit around the center of the Galaxy) ~2×104 m/s (relative to average velocity of other stars in stellar neighborhood) |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mean diameter | 1.392×109 m [1] 109 × Earths |
| Equatorial radius | 6.955×108 m [4] 109 × Earth[4] |
| Equatorial circumference | 4.379×109 m [4] 109 × Earth[4] |
| Flattening | 9×10−6 |
| Surface area | 6.0877×1018 m2 [4] 11,990 × Earth[4] |
| Volume | 1.412×1027 m3 [4] 1,300,000 × Earth |
| Mass | 1.9891×1030 kg [1] 33,200 × Earth[4] |
| Average density | 1.408×103 kg/m3 [1][4][5] |
| Different Densities | Core: 1.5×105 kg/m3 lower Photosphere: 2×10−4 kg/m3 lower Cromosphere: 5×10−6 kg/m3 Avg. Corona: 1×10−12 kg/m3 [6] |
| Equatorial surface gravity | 274.0 m/s2 [1] 27.94 g 28 × Earth[4] |
| Escape velocity (from the surface) |
617.7 km/s [4] 55 × Earth[4] |
| Temperature of surface (effective) |
5,778 K [1] |
| Temperature of corona |
~5×106 K |
| Temperature of core |
~15.7×106 K [1] |
| Luminosity (Lsol) | 3.846×1026 W [1] ~3.75×1028 lm ~98 lm/W efficacy |
| Mean Intensity (Isol) | 2.009×107 W·m−2·sr−1 |
| Rotation characteristics | |
| Obliquity | 7.25° [1] (to the ecliptic) 67.23° (to the galactic plane) |
| Right ascension of North pole[7] |
286.13° 19h 4min 30s |
| Declination of North pole |
+63.87° 63°52' North |
| Sidereal Rotation period (at 16° latitude) |
25.38 days [1] 25d 9h 7min 13s [7] |
| (at equator) | 25.05 days [1] |
| (at poles) | 34.3 days [1] |
| Rotation velocity (at equator) |
7.189×103 km/h [4] |
| Photospheric composition (by mass) | |
| Hydrogen | 73.46%[8] |
| Helium | 24.85% |
| Oxygen | 0.77% |
| Carbon | 0.29% |
| Iron | 0.16% |
| Sulfur | 0.12% |
| Neon | 0.12% |
| Nitrogen | 0.09% |
| Silicon | 0.07% |
| Magnesium | 0.05% |
References
This reference list does not appear in the article.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Williams, D.R. (2004). "Sun Fact Sheet". NASA. http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/sunfact.html. Retrieved on 2009-06-23.
- ^ Montalban, J.; Miglio, A.; Noels, A.; Grevesse, N.; Di Mauro, M.P. (2004). "Solar model with CNO revised abundances". arΧiv: astro-ph/0408055 [astro-ph].
- ^ "Eclipse 99: Frequently Asked Questions". NASA. http://education.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/pages/faq.html.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Solar System Exploration: Planets: Sun: Facts & Figures". NASA. Archived from the original on 2008-01-02. http://web.archive.org/web/20080102034758/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Sun&Display=Facts&System=Metric.
- ^ "The Physics Factbook". http://hypertextbook.com/facts/1999/MayKo.shtml.
- ^ "Principles of Spectroscopy". University of Michigan: Astronomy Departement. 2007. http://www.astro.lsa.umich.edu/undergrad/Labs/spectro/short_spectro.html.
- ^ a b Seidelmann, P. K.; Abalakin, V.K.; Bursa, M.; Davies, M.E.; de Bergh, C.; Lieske, J.H.; Oberst, J.; Simon, J.L.; et al. (2000). "Report Of The IAU/IAG Working Group On Cartographic Coordinates And Rotational Elements Of The Planets And Satellites: 2000". http://www.hnsky.org/iau-iag.htm. Retrieved on 2006-03-22.
- ^ "The Sun's Vital Statistics". Stanford Solar Center. http://solar-center.stanford.edu/vitalstats.html. Retrieved on 2008-07-29., citing Eddy, J. (1979). A New Sun: The Solar Results From Skylab. NASA. p. 37. NASA SP-402. http://solar-center.stanford.edu/vitalstats.html.
