Treaty of Bucharest (1918)

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Treaty of Bucharest
Delegates at the Peace of Bucharest
Signed - location	7 May 1918 Buftea, Romania
Signatories	German Empire Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Romania
Languages	German

A French caricature on the treaty: William II points a dagger at a woman (Romania), while showing her the Peace Treaty.

The Treaty of Bucharest was a peace treaty which the German Empire forced Romania to sign on May 7, 1918, following the Romanian campaign of 1916-1917.

Among its terms:

• Romania had to return Southern Dobruja (the Cadrilater) and to cede the southern part of Northern Dobruja (see the map) to Bulgaria, while the rest of the province remained under the joint control of the Central Powers.
• Romania had to give Austria-Hungary control of the passes of the Carpathian Mountains.
• Romania had to lease its oil wells to Germany for 90 years.
• The Central Powers recognized the Union of Bessarabia with Romania ^[1]

Alexandru Marghiloman negotiated and signed the Treaty of Bucharest with the Central Powers on May 7, 1918. However, King Ferdinand I of Romania refused to sign the treaty (already ratified by the Chamber of Deputies on June 28 and by the Senate on July 4, 1918).

Although Bulgaria received a part of Northern Dobruja, it continued to lobby Germany and Austria-Hungary for the annexation of the whole province, including the condominium established by the Treaty of Bucharest. After negotiations, a protocol regarding the transfer of the jointly administered zone in Northern Dobruja to Bulgaria was signed on September 25, 1918, in Berlin by Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria. As compensation Bulgaria agreed to cede the left bank of the Maritsa river to Turkey. However, this agreement was short-lived because after 4 days, on September 29, Bulgaria had to capitulate in the face of the advancing Allied forces (See also: the Armistice with Bulgaria).

The treaty was denounced in October 1918 by the Alexandru Marghiloman government and subsequently nullified by the terms of the Armistice of 11 November 1918.

In 1919, Germany was forced in the Treaty of Versailles to renounce all the benefits provided by the Treaty of Bucharest in 1918.^[2] The territorial transfers to Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria were annulled by the treaties of Saint-Germain (1919), Trianon (1920) and Neuilly (1919), respectively.

Map of Dobruja

[edit] See also

• Romania during World War I
• Treaty of Bucharest, 1812
• Treaty of Bucharest, 1913
• Treaty of Bucharest, 1916

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• Full text of the Treaty of Bucharest
• The Treaty of Bucharest on FirstWorldWar.com
• Territory which was ceded to the Austro-Hungarian Empire by Romania following the Treaty of Bucharest, 1918

v • d • e Bulgaria in World War I
Prelude	South-western front: Serbian Campaign, Macedonian front	Romanian front • Outcome • Others	Important persons
Balkan Wars 1912–1913 First Balkan War 1913 Treaty of London Second Balkan War Treaty of Bucharest Treaty of Istanbul Neutrality 1915 Negotiations of Bulgaria with the Central Powers and the Entente Bulgarian-German treaty Secret Bulgarian-German agreement Military convention between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria Bulgarian-Turkish convention Mobilization	Commanders Bulgaria Nikola Zhekov • Kliment Boyadzhiev • Georgi Todorov • Vladimir Vazov Entente: Serbia: Radomir Putnik • Živojin Mišić • Stepa Stepanović • Petar Bojović; France:Maurice Sarrail • Adolphe Guillaumat • Franchet d'Esperey; United Kingdom: George Milne; Greece: Panagiotis Danglis Battles 1915 Battle of Morava • Battle of Ovche Pole • Battle of Kosovo • Battle of Krivolak 1916 First battle of Doiran • Battle of Lerin • Battle of Struma • Battle of the River Cherna 1917 Second battle of Doiran • Battle of the Red Wall 1918 Battle of Dobro Pole • Third battle of Doiran	Commanders Bulgaria Nikola Zhekov • Panteley Kiselov • Stefan Toshev • Todor Kantardzhiev Entente: Romania: Constantin Prezan • Alexandru Averescu; Russia:Andrei Zaionchkovsky Battles 1916 Battle of Turtucaia • Battle of Dobrich • Battle of Kobadin • Advance to Bucharest Outcome 1918 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk • Armistice of Focşani • Treaty of Bucharest • Protocol of Berlin Outcome Armistice of Salonica Vladaya revolt Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine Others Bulgarian administration in Kosovo Anti-military propaganda	Ferdinand Aleksandar Protogerov August von Mackensen Boris Drangov Vladimir Vazov Georgi Todorov (general) Ivan Kolev Kliment Boyadzhiev Konstantin Zhostov Krastyu Zlatarev Nikola Zhekov Panteley Kiselov Stefan Toshev Todor Kantardzhiev