Unreformed boroughs in England and Wales 1835–1886
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Unreformed boroughs were those corporate towns in England and Wales which had not been reformed by the Municipal Corporations Act 1835. A handful of these obtained new charters under the 1835 Act. A royal commission was established in 1876 to inquire into these boroughs, and legislation passed in 1883 finally forced the reform or dissolution of these corporations by 1886.
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[edit] Boroughs reformed 1835–1881
Only eight unreformed boroughs obtained new charters under the 1835 Act:
| Borough | Year |
|---|---|
| Honiton, Devon | 1846 |
| Hartlepool, County Durham | 1850 |
| Yeovil, Somerset | 1854 |
| Aberavon, Glamorgan | 1861 |
| Hedon, Yorkshire | 1861 |
| Reigate, Surrey | 1863 |
| Dunstable, Bedfordshire | 1864 |
| Lewes, Sussex | 1881 |
Two other towns incorporated in this period are sometimes listed as unreformed boroughs. The first of these was Ashton-under-Lyne, Lancashire, incorporated in 1847. Although it may have had an existence as a municipality, it had ceased to exist by the nineteenth century. Peterborough, in Northamptonshire and Huntingdonshire, was incorporated in 1874. The town was governed by officials of the dean and diocese of Peterborough.
[edit] The Royal Commission of 1876
A royal commission was appointed in 1876 which investigated the unreformed boroughs and made recommendations on which towns might be brought under the Municipal Corporations Act. The commissioners identified 75 towns with corporations still functioning, and recommended that 26 of them should be reformed, the others being abolished. They also named a further 32 towns in which the corporation had become extinct, although the boroughs still had a legal existence. Of these, 10 had ceased to operate since 1835. The commissioners’ report was not acted upon for seven years. In the meantime, one of the towns they considered suitable for municipal government, Lewes was reformed, and the 1835 legislation was replaced by the Municipal Corporations Act 1882.
[edit] Municipal Corporations Act 1883
The Municipal Corporations Act 1883 provided for the abolition of unreformed borough corporations, unless they obtained a new charter under the 1882 legislation.
Section 3 stated that “The place shall not be a corporate town or borough, and any municipal or other corporation thereof existing shall be dissolved” if a new charter had not been obtained by 29 September 1886.
The first and second schedules listed the corporations investigated by the 1876 commission:
| Corporation or reputed corporation | Commissioners’ report | Fate of corporation |
|---|---|---|
| Aldeburgh, Suffolk | Recommended reform | Reformed 1885 |
| Alnwick, Northumberland | Recommended reform | Abolished 1886 |
| Alresford, Essex | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 |
| Altrincham, Cheshire | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 ‡ |
| Appleby, Westmorland | Recommended reform | Reformed 1885 |
| Axbridge, Somerset | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 |
| Bala, Merionethshire | Long extinct | Abolished 1886 |
| Bangor, Carnarvonshire | Long extinct | Reformed 1883 |
| Berkeley, Gloucestershire | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 |
| Bishops Castle, Shropshire | Recommended reform | Reformed 1885 |
| Bossiney, Cornwall | Extinct since 1835 | Abolished 1886 |
| Bovey Tracey, Devon | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 |
| Brackley, Northamptonshire | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 |
| Brading, Hampshire (Isle of Wight) | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 |
| Bradninch, Devon | Recommended reform | Abolished 1886 |
| Bridlington, Yorkshire | Long extinct | Abolished 1886 |
| Caerwys, Flintshire | Extinct since 1835 | Abolished 1886 |
| Camelford, Cornwall | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 |
| Castle Rising, Norfolk | Extinct since 1835 | Abolished 1886 |
| Chipping Campden, Gloucestershire | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 |
| Chipping Sodbury, Gloucestershire | Long extinct | Abolished 1886 |
| Christchurch, Hampshire | Recommended reform | Reformed 1886 |
| Clun, Shropshire | Extinct since 1835 | Abolished 1886 |
| Corfe Castle, Dorset | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 |
| Cowbridge, Glamorgan | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 |
| Criccieth, Merionethshire | Long extinct | Abolished 1886 |
| Crickhowell, Breconshire | Long extinct | Abolished 1886 |
| Dinas Mawddwy, Merionethshire | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 |
| Dunwich, Suffolk | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 |
| Dursley, Gloucestershire | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 |
| East Looe, Cornwall | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 |
| Farnham, Surrey | Long extinct | Abolished 1886 |
| Fishguard, Pembrokeshire | Long extinct | Abolished 1886 |
| Fordwich, Kent | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 |
| Garstang, Lancashire | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 |
| Grampound, Cornwall | Long extinct | Abolished 1886 |
| Great Dunmow, Essex | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 |
| Harlech, Merionethshire | Long extinct | Abolished 1886 |
| Harton, Devon | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 |
| Hay, Herefordshire | Long extinct | Abolished 1886 |
| Havering-atte-Bower, Essex | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 |
| Henley-on-Thames, Oxfordshire | Recommended reform | Reformed 1883 |
| Higham Ferrers, Northamptonshire | Recommended abolition | Reformed 1886 |
| Holt, Denbighshire | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 |
| Ilchester, Somerset | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 |
| Kenfig, Glamorgan | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 |
| Kidwelly, Carmarthenshire | Recommended reform | Reformed 1885 |
| Kilgerran, Pembrokeshire | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 |
| Lampeter, Cardiganshire | Recommended abolition | Reformed 1884 |
| Langport Eastover, Somerset | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 |
| Laugharne, Carmarthenshire | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 |
| Llanelly, Carmarthenshire | Extinct since 1835 | Abolished 1886 |
| Llanfyllin, Montgomeryshire | Recommended reform | Reformed 1885 |
| Llantrisant, Glamorgan | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 |
| Lostwithiel, Cornwall | Recommended reform | Reformed 1885 |
| Loughor, Glamorgan | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 |
| Lydd, Kent | Recommended reform | Reformed 1885 |
| Machynlleth, Montgomeryshire | Long extinct | Abolished 1886 |
| Malmesbury, Wiltshire | Recommended reform | Reformed 1886 |
| Marazion, Cornwall | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 |
| Midhurst, Sussex | Long extinct | Abolished 1886 |
| Montgomery, Montgomeryshire | Recommended reform | Reformed 1885 |
| Nevin, Carnarvonshire | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 |
| New Romney, Kent | Recommended reform | Reformed 1885 |
| Newborough, Anglesey | Long extinct | Abolished 1886 |
| Newport, Shropshire | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 |
| Newport, Pembrokeshire | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 ‡ |
| Newton, Lancashire | Long extinct | Abolished 1886 |
| Newtown, Hampshire (Isle of Wight) | Extinct since 1835 | Abolished 1886 |
| Okehampton, Devon | Recommended reform | Reformed 1885 |
| Orford, Suffolk | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 |
| Over, Cheshire | Recommended reform | Abolished 1886 ‡ |
| Overton, Flintshire | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 |
| Petersfield, Hampshire | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 |
| Pevensey, Sussex | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 |
| Plympton Earle, Devon | Extinct since 1835 | Abolished 1886 |
| Presteigne, Radnorshire | Long extinct | Abolished 1886 |
| Rhuddlan, Flintshire | Extinct since 1835 | Abolished 1886 |
| Queenborough, Kent | Recommended reform | Reformed 1885 |
| Radnor, Radnorshire | Recommended reform | Abolished 1886 |
| Romney Marsh, Kent | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 |
| Ruyton, Shropshire | Long Extinct | Abolished 1886 |
| St. Clears, Carmarthenshire | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 |
| St David's, Pembrokeshire | Long Extinct | Abolished 1886 |
| Saltash, Cornwall | Recommended reform | Reformed 1885 |
| Seaford, Sussex | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 |
| Sutton Coldfield, Warwickshire | Recommended reform | Reformed 1885 |
| Tavistock, Devon | Long Extinct | Abolished 1886 |
| Thornbury, Gloucestershire | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 |
| Tregony, Cornwall | Extinct since 1835 | Abolished 1886 |
| Usk, Monmouthshire | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 |
| Wareham, Dorset | Recommended reform | Reformed 1886 |
| Weobley, Herefordshire | Long Extinct | Abolished 1886 |
| Westbury, Wiltshire | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 |
| West Looe, Cornwall | Extinct since 1835 | Abolished 1886 |
| Wickwar, Gloucestershire | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 |
| Wilton, Wiltshire | Recommended reform | Reformed 1885 |
| Winchcomb, Gloucestershire | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 |
| Winchelsea, Sussex | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 |
| Wiston, Pembrokeshire | Long Extinct | Abolished 1886 |
| Wokingham, Berkshire | Recommended reform | Reformed 1883 |
| Woodstock, Oxfordshire | Recommended reform | Reformed 1886 |
| Wootton Bassett, Wiltshire | Recommended reform | Abolished 1886 |
| Wotton-under-Edge, Gloucestershire | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 |
| Yarmouth, Hampshire (Isle of Wight) | Recommended abolition | Abolished 1886 |
‡ The offices of mayor of Altrincham, Over and Newport, Pembrokeshire were deemed to be "purely honorary" and were to be allowed to continue to exist. in each case, the mayor was appointed by the lord of the manor and court leet.
A number of the boroughs abolished in 1886 subsequently regained borough status, the earliest being Cowbridge in 1887. When such boroughs were created, however, they were entirely new creations with no claim to the former property of the abolished boroughs.
[edit] Other provisions
The 1886 Act also dealt with a number of other corporations with a status similar to boroughs:
- The Confederation of the Cinque Ports were to retain their privileges in those towns with a reformed corporation. Non-corporate members were to be merged with the county and hundred in which they lay geographically. The corporation of the ancient town of Winchelsea was to become a charitable trust.
- The corporation of the bailiff jurats and commonalty of Romney Marsh was to continue to exist, but would only exercise such non-municipal powers.
- The Liberties Act 1850 would be extended to the Liberty of Havering atte Bower, allowing for its merger with the county of Essex.
